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 .htaccess file In This Section:  » How to edit your .htaccess file  How to edit your .htaccess file Top Important Note: Do not edit the .htaccess file if you are using MS FrontPage! FrontPage uses the .htaccess file, and editing it may cause errors in your configuration. See the FrontPage instructions for how to perform these functions directly in FrontPage. The .htaccess file can be placed in one or more of your /home/$user/$domain-www subdirectories. Among other things, this file can be used to restrict access to files and web pages. The .htaccess file should be put in the directory in which you want the 'rules' defined in the .htaccess file to affect. For example if you want to password protect your home page, then FTP your .htaccess file to your /www directory or if using SSH then put the .htaccess file in your /home/$yourusername/www directory. When a request for a web page is made, the web server first checks for an .htaccess file. The server begins this check by looking for .htaccess in the root of the current web directory, and on down the directory tree until it reaches the directory where the requested file resides. Since the placement of the .htaccess file determines when it is executed, this fact can be used to restrict access only in certain subdirectories. Restrict access to directories using passwords. Redirect hits onto another webpage. Control and set the messages generated for various error conditions. Edit Mime-types. Activate and deactivate various server features. To create an .htaccess file, make a text file as described below, name it .htaccess and upload it. Except for the first feature, described below, the following features will only work for a .htaccess file placed in /home/$user/$domain-www. Add all features you want to the same file. ---------------------------------------- The directory you want protected must have a .htaccess file in it that looks like the following (do not put the comments in the actual .htaccess file [comments begin with #]): AuthUserFile /home/$user/.passwd AuthGroupFile /home/$user/.group AuthName "Protected Space" AuthType Basic require group $users #users, is the group of users that you give access to #require user $user #if there is only one user in the group, you can substitute this line; remove the #. (Other possible groups are administrators, etc) Groups and users are stored in the .group file, and passwords are stored in .passwd. The .htaccess file looks for these files in the /home/$user directory. Do not attempt to edit these manually! Use the Control Panel function 'Protect Directories' to edit these files for you. With this function you can select the directory to be protected, then add users and their passwords that will have access. ----------------------------------------- Redirecting allows you to send the user to, for example, new.html when they attempt to access old.html. To see this example in practice, simply add the following line to the .htaccess file: Redirect /$directory/old.html http://$domain.com/$directory/new.html ------------------------------------------ There are two main styles of error messages you may encounter. The first is the standard form, which looks something like: File Not found The requested URL http://$domain.com/file.html was not found on this server. The second type comes in a variety of forms, and is customized by the webmaster. For example: Sorry We're sorry, but the requested URL does not exist. Please e-mail support@$domain.com if you need further assistance. Such messages are called error documents, and are web pages designed to give a polite explanation for error conditions. These error conditions generate numbers which are used to refer to the appropriate error condition. Some of the most common messages are as follows: Error in Client 400 Bad syntax 401 Unauthorized 402 Not Used (Payment Granted) 403 Forbidden 404 Not Found Error in Server 500 Internal Error 501 Not Implemented 502 Overloaded 503 Gateway Timeout First, create the HTML page you want to use as your error message. Second, upload it to your web directory [/home/$user/$domain-www]. Third, go into your .htaccess file (or create one) and add lines which specify the substitution. Here are three examples of specifying error documents which will be called for a given error condition (note you can use relative or absolute addressing): ErrorDocument 401 http://$domain.com/nopasswd.html ErrorDocument 403 /forbidden.html ErrorDocument 404 http://www.$domain.com/nofile.html ----------------------------------------- You can add mime types to your .htaccess file with a line like: AddType text/html .txt ----------------------------------------- |
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